10 frequently asked questions about e-bikes
Electric bikes (also known as e-bikes) appeal to beginners and experienced cyclists alike, whether for daily commutes or leisure rides in the city or the mountains. But how does an electric bicycle work? What kind of range can you expect? Do you need a licence? Here are answers to the most frequently asked questions about electric bikes.
1. What is the range of an electric bike?
The range of an electric bike depends primarily on its battery and the level of electric assist being used. With a 500 watt hour (Wh) battery, you can typically travel between 60 and 120km. Some higher-performance models can even reach up to 150km on a single charge.
Several factors affect range, however:
- The assist level selected
- The load being carried
- The type of terrain
- Wind
- Outdoor temperature
If you plan on covering long distances or frequently using maximum assist, it’s best to opt for a higher-capacity battery.
How long does an e-bike battery last?
An electric bike battery typically lasts between 3 and 6 years, or approximately 500 to 1000 charge cycles. Over time, it gradually loses capacity.
Replacing a battery can cost between $600 and $1200 for a quality model. Some companies offer battery reconditioning—exercise caution, as the quality of components can vary.
2. How does an electric bike work?
An electric bike is equipped with an electric motor powered by a rechargeable battery. Depending on the model, the motor can be:
- Integrated into the pedal crankset
- Installed in the rear wheel hub
Pedal-assist bikes offer progressive assist: the harder you pedal, the more assist you receive.
Hub motor models move forward using a thumb throttle, similar to some ATVs. You can also choose to pedal, but you must manage the two power sources separately.
3. What types of electric bikes are there?
There are several categories of electric bikes depending on your intended use.
Urban and hybrid bikes
These are well suited to daily commuting. Accessories such as fenders and cargo racks can be particularly useful.
Folding e-bikes
Very popular in cities, folding electric bikes are practical for people who combine cycling with public transit. Their compact format makes them easy to store in an apartment or the trunk of a car.
Electric mountain bikes
These models are designed for trails and mountain terrain, often featuring fat tires. The electric assist makes climbing significantly easier.
4. Who is an electric bike for?
5. How much does an electric bike cost?
The price of an electric bike ranges from $1500 to $3500, depending on the model, range, components, and intended use. Hybrid or high-end models can cost between $4000 and $6000.
Before buying, take the time to define your needs:
- Urban commuting
- Cycling paths
- Trails
- Mountain riding
- Long-distance rides
This will make it easier to compare models suited to how you ride.
Are there subsidies for electric bikes?
Yes. In Quebec, financial assistance programs for electric bikes vary from one municipality to another. Check with your municipality to find out what subsidies are available in your area.
6. How long does it take to charge an e-bike battery?
Charging time varies depending on the battery and charger used. In general, a full charge takes approximately 5 to 6 hours. This can be reduced to around 3 hours with a fast charger.
Tip: Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations to preserve battery life and reduce the risk of overheating or fire. Unlike some electric vehicles, it is not recommended to leave an e-bike battery plugged in continuously.
7. Do you need a licence to ride an electric bike?
It depends on the rider’s age. The minimum age to ride an electric bike is 14.
- Ages 14 to 17: A Class 6D licence (the same as for mopeds) is required.
- Age 18 and over: No licence is required.
8. Can you ride an electric bike on a cycling path?
Yes, electric bikes are permitted on cycling paths. Their maximum allowable speed is 32km/h, though most typically travel between 15 and 25km/h.
In addition, the bike must:
- be equipped with a pedal crankset;
- have a motor with a maximum output of 500 watts; and
- display a manufacturer’s compliance label.
Even though electric bikes are permitted in Quebec, some municipalities, cycling paths, or SEPAQ trails may have stricter rules—such as lower speed limits or restrictions on certain models. Always check local signage.
In the city, in the country, or on a cycling path, respect the Highway Safety Code and adjust your speed to accommodate other users.
9. How do you maintain an electric bike?
Basic maintenance is similar to that of a regular bike:
- Lubricate the chain (replace approximately every 2000km).
- Check tire pressure and brake pads (every 1000km).
- Clean the bike regularly.
The battery does require special attention. When the bike is not in use, store the battery in a temperature-controlled location, away from direct light, and follow the manufacturer’s charging recommendations.
10. Do you need insurance and safety gear for an electric bike?
Yes. Wearing a helmet is mandatory when riding an electric bike, including bike-share bikes such as BIXI or ÀVélo.
Since electric bikes are heavier than traditional bikes, it’s also important to use:
- A suitable bike rack
- A quality lock
- Proper protective gear
What insurance covers an electric bike?
In many cases, your home insurance covers your electric bike against theft, fire, or damage caused by a collision with another vehicle. Before hitting the road, contact your insurer to make sure your coverage is adequate.
In the event of injury in an accident, certain SAAQ protections or personal accident insurance may also apply.
Good to know: Bike Assist, included with a CAA-Quebec membership, also covers electric bikes.
Have more questions? Take a few minutes to listen to our podcast (Season 1, Episode 8; in French only) or reach out directly to our Mobility Advisory Services team.
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